ABSTRACT
After the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended, the threat of a clearly defined, indisputably capable political and military adversary was much reduced. Nonetheless, the industrialized democracies do confront national and international security threats. Among the most important of these threats is the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the technology, equipment, material and know-how helpful in their construction. To address this threat, the West has placed renewed emphasis on nonproliferation policies and tools.1 Included among these policies and tools are three major strategies for preventing the proliferation of mass destructive weapons and their component parts: (1) physical protection; (2) accounting and control; and (3) export control. Perhaps the most challenging strategy, however, is the development of nonproliferation export controls.2
