ABSTRACT
Intra- and interspecific aggression should be carefully distinguished: the oryx fights against a lion quite differently than against another oryx. The oryx attempts to gore the carnivorous predator, while conspecifics are fought in tournament manner according to specific behavioral rules that reduce injuries. Psychologists generally define a behavior as aggressive when someone is intentionally injured as a consequence. But, only in the case of humans may we, through questioning, find out about intentionality. There are also aggressions that are intentional but do not result in injuries but rather benefit the attacked partner. This occurs in educational aggression. Aggressive behaviors are distinguished from those of defense, subordination, and flight. They form a functional system with aggression known as the agonal system. K. E. Moyer's report that the various forms of aggression can be elicited by electrical stimulation of various areas of the brain is interesting.
