ABSTRACT
A brief discussion on flow equations for determining head losses is presented. With the aging of the pipe, head losses increase. Testing of water mains to find hydraulic gradient and coefficient of friction are discussed. Testing of fire hydrants is also discussed including example problems showing calculations to work out hydrant capacity. The importance of monitoring of water quality is stressed. This chapter also includes discussion on repairs and leaks, flushing of water mains, and filed disinfection.
