ABSTRACT
The final part of this section and chapter considered additional seven decision tools for continuous improvement. Activity network diagrams (ANDs), cause and effect, 5S diagrams, business process modelling and notation (BPMN), IDEF0, capability maturity model (CMM), and the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model were all considered for their application in continuous cost improvement. The most important tool is the PDCA model, which was discussed in Chapter 1 of this book. The four stages of the PDCA model were explained in terms of alleviating cost overruns and maintaining cost benchmarks.
