ABSTRACT
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book describes the relevance of the research topic, reviews previous research in the area and establishes the research niche by indicating the gaps in previous research, and outlines the present research. Water managers face new challenges in meeting the requirements of various water uses in urban environments. The pressure on the environment increases as urbanisation continues relentlessly in virtually all cities of the world, and as climate change appears to lead to more extreme rainfall in many urban areas. Sewer networks consisting of open channels and pipes are used to collect and convey both run-off and sanitary wastewater out of urban areas. The wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from the wastewater in order to produce an effluent that does not adversely impact the quality of the receiving system and its uses.
