ABSTRACT
African-Native American recognition, more than identification, has been central in the study of the African cultural change in Native America, particularly among Black anthropologists and scholars of cultural change and race mixture. These two inconsistent practices associated with how humans use identities publicly and privately have created explanatory gaps in the literature and problems for understanding African-Native American identities. This chapter examines the nature and source of these problems, as discernible from the anthropological, historical, and sociological records.
