ABSTRACT
The study of the Crusades is close to the study of the Religious and Military Orders, which became one of the most systematic specialities of the Portuguese historiography since the 1980s. In terms of the articulation of the reconquest and the Crusades, Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) contributed greatly when he equated the struggle on the Iberia to the one that took place in the Holy Land. The foundation bull of the Order of Christ by John XXII opens a new phase – it is an authentic bull of permanent Crusade against Islamites. In 1341, after the battle of Salado (1340) where Christian and Muslim armies engaged in combat, Pope Benedict XII gave a tenth of ecclesiastical revenue in the realm to Portuguese king Afonso IV in support of the Crusade against Morocco and Granada. In medieval Portugal, the ideological concept of Crusade was applied outside the scope of Muslims.
