ABSTRACT
The mitigation of climate change through project-based smallholder agriculture faces inherent complexity, high costs of project development and challenges of risk management and securing benefits for smallholder farmers (Bracer et al. 2007). Large groups of farmers can be difficult to organize and rural institutions supporting these projects often are weak. Without adequate social, financial and property protections, farmers will be at risk of exploitation in the rush by carbon developers to capitalize on international carbon market opportunities.
