ABSTRACT
Scenario-based modelling has become a widely practiced framework in policy-making. The challenges in predicting the future course of a nonlinear and complex socio-environmental system can be tackled by dividing the unknown future into a set of alternative plausible scenarios. Especially, the socio-environmental system models using a process-based approach provide robustness in the model simulation. The combined approach of process-based modelling with the scenario analysis provides an enhanced framework for dealing with sustainability research on environmental systems. The chapter discusses the multiple approaches followed in the scenario-based modelling with a special focus on the applications of the process-based models or reliable empirical or machine learning tools along with the emerging hybrid methodologies. The chapter concludes with a research agenda that suits the new-age modelling of the complex socio-environmental systems including all stakeholders and their participation at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
