ABSTRACT
Among the thousands of processes that determine the shape and function of a plant, flowering is one of the most important processes in agriculture. Most of the important crops in medicinal and ornamental plants are somehow dependent on flowering, so that flowering is either the primary goal of the crop or the production of a crop requires flowering. Transition from vegetative growth to reproductive phase depends on the internal and external factors such as plant aging and size and light and temperature, respectively. Molecular studies suggest that TFL1 is regulated by the age-related response mechanisms and the restriction of its expression may be important in floral induction. Research has also shown that in addition to growth and development settings, the most important function of miRNAs in plants is to regulate various cellular processes in order to adapt plants to environmental stresses. Several reports have mentioned the role of miRNA in plant age-dependent response to vernalization. Light is an important environmental factor influences flowering. Plants need light for their activity, including photosynthesis and vegetative growth. Light is important in terms of intensity and duration of the exposure (photoperiodism), and quality. Light receptors such as phytochrome (red and far-red) on leaves absorb light with various wavelengths and upregulate the expression of some vegetative and reproductive genes. In many plants, flowering is accelerated or induced by periodic exposure to low temperatures. This phenomenon is called vernalization. In fact, cold treatment leads to FLOWERING LOCUS C extinction and flowering.
